The 21st century has witnessed an unprecedented rise in urbanization, with megacities dominating the global landscape. A megacity is defined as an urban area with a population exceeding 10 million, and their numbers are growing rapidly. As of 2024, over 50% of the global population resides in urban areas, with the United Nations predicting this figure will rise to 68% by 2050.
Population growth in cities has been fueled by multiple factors, including rural-to-urban migration, economic opportunities, and improved living standards. In Asia, cities like Tokyo, Delhi, and Shanghai exemplify this trend, each home to populations exceeding 20 million. Similarly, Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East are witnessing rapid urban expansion, with cities like São Paulo, Cairo, and Dhaka playing pivotal roles in their respective regions.
The numbers are staggering: Tokyo, the largest city in the world, boasts a population of over 37 million in 2024, surpassing the entire population of Canada. Delhi, the second-largest city, is home to over 33 million, and the combined populations of the top 10 cities on this list amount to over 255 million. These cities are not just population centers but are also crucial contributors to the global economy, accounting for a significant share of GDP, trade, and innovation.
However, the growth of these megacities is a double-edged sword. While they drive economic development and cultural exchange, they also face challenges like overcrowding, pollution, traffic congestion, and housing shortages.
Balancing the demands of rapid urbanization with sustainable development is one of the greatest challenges of our time. In this blog, we will explore the 10 largest cities in the world, exploring what makes them unique and examining the factors behind their staggering growth.
Largest Cities in the World By Population
- Tokyo
- Delhi
- Shanghai
- Dhaka
- São Paulo
- Cairo
- Mexico City
- Beijing
- Mumbai
- Osaka
1. Tokyo, Japan – Population: 37,115,035
Tokyo stands at the pinnacle as the largest city in the world, a title it has held for decades. Known as a city of innovation and meticulous planning, Tokyo’s population of over 37 million is supported by its sprawling metropolitan area, which includes surrounding prefectures like Kanagawa, Saitama, and Chiba.
Historically, Tokyo was known as Edo, a small fishing village that became the political center of Japan in the early 17th century under the Tokugawa shogunate. By the late 19th century, it transformed into Tokyo and has since grown into a global powerhouse. The city’s impeccable transport systems, including the iconic Shinkansen bullet trains, and its efficient urban planning have been instrumental in managing its vast population.
Economically, Tokyo is a global financial hub. It is home to some of the world’s largest corporations, including Toyota, Sony, and SoftBank. The city’s mix of tradition and modernity, from ancient temples like Sensō-ji to skyscrapers like Tokyo Skytree, makes it a cultural magnet.
2. Delhi, India – Population: 33,807,403
Delhi, the sprawling capital of India, has witnessed explosive growth, becoming the second-largest city in the world. Its population of over 33 million is spread across the National Capital Region (NCR), which includes satellite cities like Gurgaon, Noida, and Ghaziabad.
The city’s history dates back to ancient times, with roots in the Indus Valley Civilization. Over centuries, Delhi has been the epicenter of empires, from the Delhi Sultanate to the Mughal Empire. Iconic landmarks like the Red Fort, Qutub Minar, and India Gate stand as testaments to its rich heritage.
Delhi’s economy thrives on a mix of industries, including information technology, retail, and manufacturing. Additionally, its vibrant cultural festivals, markets like Chandni Chowk, and street food scene have made it a must-visit global destination. However, the city grapples with challenges such as pollution and overcrowding, making sustainable urban development a critical focus.
3. Shanghai, China – Population: 29,867,918
Shanghai, often dubbed the “Pearl of the Orient,” is China’s largest city and its financial nerve center. With a population nearing 30 million, Shanghai is a beacon of economic prosperity and architectural grandeur.
Historically, Shanghai was a modest fishing village until the 19th century when it emerged as a major trading port due to Western colonization and the Opium Wars. Today, the city is a showcase of China’s rapid urbanization and economic reforms, with its skyline dominated by landmarks like the Shanghai Tower and Oriental Pearl TV Tower.
Shanghai’s role as a global financial hub is underscored by the presence of the Shanghai Stock Exchange and its extensive port facilities, which rank among the busiest in the world. The city’s cultural vibrancy is evident in attractions like the Bund, a historic waterfront area, and its bustling street markets.
4. Dhaka, Bangladesh – Population: 23,935,652
Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is the fourth-largest city in the world, with nearly 24 million residents. Known for its vibrant energy, Dhaka is the economic and cultural heart of the country.
The city’s history dates back to the Mughal era, when it was a prominent center for the muslin trade. Today, Dhaka is a symbol of resilience, having faced challenges such as rapid urbanization, infrastructure strain, and climate change.
Economically, Dhaka thrives on its garment industry, which accounts for a significant portion of Bangladesh’s exports. Despite issues like traffic congestion and pollution, the city’s rich culture, including festivals like Pohela Boishakh and landmarks like Lalbagh Fort, continue to draw global attention.
5. São Paulo, Brazil – Population: 22,806,704
São Paulo, the largest city in Brazil and the Southern Hemisphere, is home to over 22 million people. As the economic engine of Latin America, it plays a pivotal role in the global economy.
Founded in 1554 by Jesuit missionaries, São Paulo grew significantly during the coffee boom of the 19th century. Today, it is a melting pot of cultures, with a significant Italian, Japanese, and Arab immigrant population.
The city’s skyline, dotted with modern skyscrapers, reflects its status as a business hub. São Paulo hosts major cultural events like the São Paulo Art Biennial and the São Paulo Fashion Week, underscoring its influence beyond economics.
6. Cairo, Egypt – Population: 22,623,874
Cairo, the largest city in the Arab world, boasts a population of over 22 million. Known as the “City of a Thousand Minarets,” it is a blend of ancient history and contemporary culture.
Situated near the Nile River, Cairo’s history is intertwined with the rise of ancient Egypt. Iconic landmarks like the Great Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx are a stone’s throw from the city. In more recent history, Cairo has been a political and cultural hub in the Middle East.
The city’s economy is driven by tourism, textiles, and manufacturing. Despite challenges like overcrowding and pollution, Cairo remains a symbol of resilience and historical significance.
7. Mexico City, Mexico – Population: 22,505,315
Mexico City, the capital of Mexico, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited urban centers in the Americas. With a population of over 22 million, it is a city of contrasts, blending ancient Aztec history with modern urban sprawl.
Founded as Tenochtitlán in 1325, it was the heart of the Aztec Empire before Spanish colonization. Today, landmarks like the Zócalo and Chapultepec Park reflect the city’s rich heritage.
Economically, Mexico City is a powerhouse in sectors such as finance, media, and tourism. Its vibrant street art, food culture, and festivals make it a dynamic and captivating metropolis.
8. Beijing, China – Population: 22,189,082
Beijing, with a population exceeding 22 million, is not only China’s capital but also a city steeped in history and power.
As the seat of power for several Chinese dynasties, Beijing’s history spans over 3,000 years. Iconic sites such as the Forbidden City, the Great Wall of China, and Tiananmen Square make it a cultural treasure trove.
Today, Beijing is a hub for technology, politics, and culture. The city’s modern developments, like the 2008 Olympic infrastructure, coexist with its ancient heritage, showcasing a blend of tradition and modernity.
9. Mumbai, India – Population: 21,673,149
Mumbai, formerly known as Bombay, is India’s financial capital and a city of over 21 million people. Known as the “City of Dreams,” it is a bustling metropolis that embodies India’s diversity and aspirations.
Historically, Mumbai developed as a major port city during British colonial rule. Today, it is the headquarters of India’s largest companies and the heart of the Bollywood film industry.
Mumbai’s vibrant culture, historical landmarks like the Gateway of India, and bustling markets like Colaba make it a dynamic urban center. However, challenges like housing shortages and traffic congestion highlight the need for sustainable development.
10. Osaka, Japan – Population: 18,967,459
Osaka, Japan’s second-largest city, has a population of nearly 19 million. Known historically as the “Nation’s Kitchen,” Osaka has been a hub of commerce and culture for centuries.
The city played a pivotal role during the Edo period as a center for rice trading. Today, Osaka is renowned for its vibrant food scene, including delicacies like takoyaki and okonomiyaki, and attractions like Osaka Castle and Universal Studios Japan.
Economically, Osaka is a major industrial and technological hub. Its blend of history, culture, and innovation makes it a significant global city.
Conclusion
The world’s largest cities are more than just centers of population; they are dynamic hubs of culture, history, and economy. From Tokyo’s unparalleled efficiency to São Paulo’s cultural diversity, each city tells a unique story. Understanding these urban giants provides insights into the challenges and opportunities of global urbanization in the 21st century.
FAQs
How Many People Live in Foshan, China, in 2024?
Foshan, a rapidly growing city in China’s Guangdong Province, is home to approximately 10.3 million people in 2024. Known for its vibrant manufacturing sector, particularly in furniture and ceramics, Foshan plays a vital role in China’s industrial landscape. The city is also a hub for Cantonese culture and martial arts, contributing to its global recognition.
Is New York City the Largest City in the World?
No, New York City is not the largest city in the world. As of 2024, it has a population of approximately 8.5 million within its city limits, making it significantly smaller than cities like Tokyo, Delhi, and Shanghai. However, its metropolitan area, which includes parts of New Jersey and Connecticut, houses over 20 million people, ranking it among the world’s largest metro areas. New York remains a global icon of culture, finance, and innovation.
What Are the 10 Most Populated Cities in Europe?
Europe’s largest cities by population are generally concentrated in countries with strong economic and historical significance. As of 2024, the ten most populated cities in Europe are:
- Istanbul, Turkey – 15.9 million
- Moscow, Russia – 12.6 million
- London, United Kingdom – 9.6 million
- Saint Petersburg, Russia – 5.6 million
- Berlin, Germany – 3.8 million
- Madrid, Spain – 3.5 million
- Kyiv, Ukraine – 3.2 million
- Rome, Italy – 2.8 million
- Paris, France – 2.1 million
- Bucharest, Romania – 1.8 million
Is London Bigger Than Paris?
Yes, London is larger than Paris in terms of population and land area. As of 2024, Greater London has a population of approximately 9.6 million, while the City of Paris has a population of around 2.1 million. However, when considering the metropolitan areas, the population gap narrows, with the Greater Paris metropolitan area (Île-de-France) housing nearly 12 million people.
Is Paris Richer Than London?
The answer depends on the metric used. London has a larger overall GDP and serves as a global financial center, hosting major stock exchanges, multinational corporations, and global banks. In contrast, Paris has a highly diversified economy, with strengths in luxury goods, technology, and tourism. Both cities rank among the wealthiest globally, but London typically edges out Paris in terms of GDP, while Paris excels in cultural capital and luxury industries.
